The Model of Development
• Increase wealth of nation through Planned growth in agriculture and industry--emphasis on centralized technologies• The wealth would trickle down to masses thus alleviating poverty
• Help to village industries only a stop gap arrangement for ‘quick employment generation’ .
India’s Development Experience
ITEM YEAR1950 YEAR 1998
Food grains 50.8 mt 203.5 mt
Sugar 1.134 mt 15.520 mt
Steel 1.041 mt 373.1 mt
Cotton 4215 m sqm 17948 m sqm
Electricity gen 6.575 b kWhr 448.6 b kWhr
Bicycles 99 k 10373k
GDP crores 1,40,477 10,83,047
Gandhiji’s Critique of “Industrialism” based Development
• Crossing river on the basis of average depth ! – Need for equity
• Based on Exploitation- of Man, Nature – Need for non violence , concept of ahimsa
• Unhealthy dependence & vulnerability – Need for self sufficiency in basic necessities , concept of swadeshi
• Unnecessary mechanization – Need for appropriate technology –less capital requirement , more employment , meaningful jobs
• Pampers baser instincts – Self control is a virtue , concept of swaraj
Gandhian Model of Development
• Development should be holistic { economical , intellectual, emotional & spiritual} & Nonexploitative, i.e. sustainable
• Possible only in “Self sufficient Village Republics ” : Gram-swaraj & Swadeshi
• Gandhiji: I do visualise electricity, ship building, iron works, machine making and the like existing side by side with village handicrafts. But the order of dependence will be reversed…..
• The mantra : rural industrialization -wealth generation in a distributed manner & not redistribution of wealth generated centrally – the need for S ,T & M inputs
Alternative Criteria for Technology Choice
Maximise employment
• minimise resource depletion
• Reduce vulnerability- promote self sufficiency
• reduce inequity
• promote job satisfaction
• shouldn’t pamper baser instincts – not thwart satisfaction of higher needs
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